10 research outputs found
Rotating Electromagnetic Waves in Toroid-Shaped Regions
Electromagnetic waves, solving the full set of Maxwell equations in vacuum,
are numerically computed. These waves occupy a fixed bounded region of the
three dimensional space, topologically equivalent to a toroid. Thus, their
fluid dynamics analogs are vortex rings. An analysis of the shape of the
sections of the rings, depending on the angular speed of rotation and the major
diameter, is carried out. Successively, spherical electromagnetic vortex rings
of Hill's type are taken into consideration. For some interesting peculiar
configurations, explicit numerical solutions are exhibited.Comment: 27 pages, 40 figure
A study of backward going and in interactions with the NOMAD detector
Backward proton and production has been studied in
interactions with carbon nuclei. Detailed analyses of the momentum
distributions, of the production rates, and of the general features of events
with a backward going particle, have been carried out in order to understand
the mechanism producing these particles. The backward proton data have been
compared with the predictions of the reinteraction and the short range
correlation models.Comment: 29 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Nucl. Phys.
Structure of conducting channel of lightning
<p>The spatial distribution of the plasma density in a lightning channel is studied theoretically. It is shown that the electric-field double layer is formed at the channel boundary. In this case, the electron temperature changes abruptly and ions are accelerated by the electric field of the double layer. The ion momentum flux density is close to the surrounding gas pressure. Cleaning of the channel from heavy particles occurs in particle-exchange processes between the plasma channel and the surrounding air. Hydrogen ions are accumulated inside the expanding channel from the surrounding air, which is enriched by hydrogen-contained molecules. In this case, the plasma channel is unstable and splits to a chain of equidistant bunches of plasma. The hydrogen-enrich bunches burn diffusely after recombination exhibiting the bead lightning behavior. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.</p>